Python-Intermediate-Notes

Modules

Modules - is a Python object containing many different attributes. There are many different kind of modules, each with Python codes that we can reuse.

Advantage of module

• When you divide your code into modules, it will be easier to reuse, since they are already categorized.
• Modules can minimize our lines of code

import keywoard

import keywoard is used to import modules

How to create a module : open() function(thorugh a calculator)

*main.py*
f = open("module.py", "x) #same as files, but file name saved as .py

*module.py*
def greeting(name):
    print("Hey there, " + name + "! Ready to do some math?")

*main.py*
import module 

module.greeting("Jolina") #Output Hey there, Jolina! Ready to do some math?

Using a class

*module.py*
class User:
    def __init__(self, name, age, country):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.country = country

user_1 = User("Jolina", 23, "Philippines")
user_2 = User("Fifi", 21, "Japan")
user_3 = User("Mika", 25, "Australia")

*main.py*
import module

a = module.user_1
print("Hey there, " + a.name + "! Ready to do some math?") #Output: Hey there, Jolina! Ready to do some math?

c = module.user_3
print("Hey there, " + c.name + "! Ready to do some math?") #Output: Hey there, Mika! Ready to do some math?

Renaming modules

You can create an alias when you import a module. This can be done using as keyword.

*main.py*
import module as mod

c = mod.user_3
print("Hey there, " + c.name + "! Ready to do some math?") #Output: Hey there, Mika! Ready to do some math?

Other Functions (mathematical)

*module.py*
def get_sum(x, y):
    return x + y

def get_diff(x, y):
    return x - y

def get_prod(x, y):
    return x * y

def get_quo(x, y):
    return x / y

*main.py*
import module 

sum = module.get_sum(12, 45)
print(sum) #Output: 57

return statement - sends the function’s results back to the caller

Importing modules

The from keyword can also be used to import modules.

*main.py*
from module import * #to get all the data from the module

product = get_prod(3, 5)
print(product) #Output: 15

Note: The from keywoard can be used to import a single function from a module

from module import get_quo

Built-In Python Modules

• help(“modules”) function - to see a comprehensive list of all built-in modules in python
• help(“random”) - to view all the attributes you want to import, type the module name inside the ()
• dir - returns a list of valid attributes of the object

  print(dir("random")) 
  

• random module - is a module that provides pseuso-random numbers
• randint() function - is the function used to provide random numbers

Example: There’s a raffle and there are many prizes. My friend Jolina got ticket number 8 out of 1000 tickets. She has her eyes on those mechanical keyboard. Let’s see if she’ll get lucky.

from random import randint 
print(int(randint(1,1000)))

• datetime module - provides class which allow us to work with date and time

  import datetime
  t = datetime.datetime.now()
  print(t)
  

• strftime() method - which will make strings out of our imported date objects.

import datetime 

t = datetime.datetime(2022, 06, 08)
print(t.strftime("%B"))
print(t.year)

x = datetime.datetime(1963, 8, 28))
print(x)

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